Compare Mali (2008) - Burkina Faso (2005)

Compare Mali (2008) z Burkina Faso (2005)

	Mali (2008)	Burkina Faso (2005)

Administrative divisions	8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou	45 provinces; Bale, Bam, Banwa, Bazega, Bougouriba, Boulgou, Boulkiemde, Comoe, Ganzourgou, Gnagna, Gourma, Houet, Ioba, Kadiogo, Kenedougou, Komondjari, Kompienga, Kossi, Koulpelogo, Kouritenga, Kourweogo, Leraba, Loroum, Mouhoun, Namentenga, Nahouri, Nayala, Noumbiel, Oubritenga, Oudalan, Passore, Poni, Sanguie, Sanmatenga, Seno, Sissili, Soum, Sourou, Tapoa, Tuy, Yagha, Yatenga, Ziro, Zondoma, Zoundweogo
Age structure	0-14 years: 48.2% (male 2,921,914/female 2,853,976) 15-64 years: 48.8% (male 2,891,494/female 2,959,142) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 149,301/female 219,575) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 46% (male 3,213,436/female 3,193,253) 15-64 years: 51.2% (male 3,487,201/female 3,635,673) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 164,418/female 231,332) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats	cotton, peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock
Airports	29 (2007)	33 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2007)	total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 21 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 8 (2007)	total: 31 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 17 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 1.24 million sq km land: 1.22 million sq km water: 20,000 sq km	total: 274,200 sq km land: 273,800 sq km water: 400 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than twice the size of Texas	slightly larger than Colorado
Background	The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a military coup - led by the current president Amadou TOURE - enabling Mali's emergence as one of the strongest democracies on the continent. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's first democratic presidential election in 1992 and was reelected in 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, KONARE stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE, who was subsequently elected to a second term in 2007. The elections were widely judged to be free and fair.	Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) achieved independence from France in 1960. Repeated military coups during the 1970s and 1980s were followed by multiparty elections in the early 1990s. Burkina Faso's high population density and limited natural resources result in poor economic prospects for the majority of its citizens. Recent unrest in Cote d'Ivoire and northern Ghana has hindered the ability of several hundred thousand seasonal Burkinabe farm workers to find employment in neighboring countries.
Birth rate	49.61 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	44.17 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $764 million expenditures: $828 million (2002 est.)	revenues: $695.2 million expenditures: $876.3 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Capital	name: Bamako geographic coordinates: 12 39 N, 8 00 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Ouagadougou
Climate	subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)	tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	adopted 12 January 1992	2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991 formally adopted; amended April 2000
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Mali conventional short form: Mali local long form: Republique de Mali local short form: Mali former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Burkina Faso former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta
Death rate	16.51 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	18.86 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$2.8 billion (2002)	$1.3 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Terrence P. MCCULLEY embassy: located just off the Roi Bin Fahad Aziz Bridge just west of the Bamako central district mailing address: ACI 2000, Rue 243, Porte 297, Bamako telephone: [223] 270-2300 FAX: [223] 270-2479	chief of mission: Ambassador Anthony HOLMES embassy: 602 Avenue Raoul Follereau, Koulouba, Secteur 4 mailing address: 01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou 01; pouch mail - U. S. Department of State, 2440 Ouagadougou Place, Washington, DC 20521-2440 telephone: [226] 306723 FAX: [226] 303890
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Abdoulaye DIOP chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950 FAX: [1] (202) 332-6603	chief of mission: Ambassador Tertius ZONGO chancery: 2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-5577 FAX: [1] (202) 667-1882
Disputes - international	none	two villages are in dispute along the border with Benin; Benin accuses Burkina Faso of moving boundary pillars; Burkina Faso border regions remain a staging area for Liberia and Cote d'Ivoire rebels and an asylum for refugees caught in local fighting; the Ivoirian Government accuses Burkina Faso of sheltering Ivoirian rebels
Economic aid - recipient	$691.5 million (2005)	$484.1 million (1995)
Economy - overview	Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert and with a highly unequal distribution of income. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export, along with gold. The government has continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a 5% average in 1996-2007. Worker remittances and external trade routes for the landlocked country have been jeopardized by continued unrest in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire.	One of the poorest countries in the world, landlocked Burkina Faso has few natural resources and a weak industrial base. About 90% of the population is engaged in subsistence agriculture, which is vulnerable to harsh climatic conditions. Cotton is the key crop and the government has joined with other cotton producing countries in the region to lobby for improved access to Western markets. GDP growth has largely been driven by increases in world cotton prices. Industry remains dominated by unprofitable government-controlled corporations. Following the African franc currency devaluation in January 1994 the government updated its development program in conjunction with international agencies; exports and economic growth have increased. The government devolved macroeconomic policy and inflation targeting to the West African regional central bank (BCEAO), but maintains control over microeconomic policies, including reducing the trade deficit and implementing reforms to encourage private investment. The bitter internal crisis in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire continues to hurt trade and industrial prospects and deepens the need for international assistance.
Electricity - consumption	412.9 million kWh (2005)	335.7 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh; note - recent hydropower developments may be providing electricity to Senegal and Mauritania (2005)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	444 million kWh (2005)	361 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Senegal River 23 m highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m	lowest point: Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m highest point: Tena Kourou 749 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching	recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%	Mossi over 40%, Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, Fulani
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003)	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Modibo SIDIBE (since 28 September 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 29 April 2007 (next to be held April in 2012); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Amadou Toumani TOURE reelected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 71.2%, Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA 19.2%, other 9.6%	chief of state: President Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987) head of government: Prime Minister Ernest Paramanga YONLI (since 6 November 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 November 1998 (next to be held NA 2005); in April 2000, the constitution was amended reducing the presidential term from seven to five years, enforceable as of 2005, and allowing the president to be reelected only once; it is unclear whether this amendment will be applied retroactively or not; prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the legislature election results: Blaise COMPAORE reelected president with 87.5% percent of the vote
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	NA
Exports - commodities	cotton, gold, livestock	cotton, livestock, gold
Exports - partners	China 26.8%, Germany 24.9%, Thailand 7.1%, Taiwan 4.9%, Bangladesh 4% (2006)	China 32.1%, Singapore 11.5%, Ghana 4.7%, Bangladesh 4.3% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 45% industry: 17% services: 38% (2001 est.)	agriculture: 39.5% industry: 19.3% services: 41.3% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.3% (2007 est.)	4.8% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	17 00 N, 4 00 W	13 00 N, 2 00 W
Geography - note	landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan	landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas
Highways	-	total: 12,506 km paved: 2,001 km unpaved: 10,505 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2.4% highest 10%: 30.2% (2001)	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 46.8% (1994)
Imports	4,369 bbl/day (2004)	NA
Imports - commodities	petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles	capital goods, foodstuffs, petroleum
Imports - partners	France 12.8%, Senegal 12.2%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.5% (2006)	France 29.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 16%, Togo 9.8% (2004)
Independence	22 September 1960 (from France)	5 August 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	14% (2001 est.)
Industries	food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining	cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold
Infant mortality rate	total: 105.65 deaths/1,000 live births male: 115.29 deaths/1,000 live births female: 95.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 97.57 deaths/1,000 live births male: 105.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 89.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.5% (2002 est.)	2.4% (2004 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	2,360 sq km (2003)	250 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme	Supreme Court; Appeals Court
Labor force	3.93 million (2001 est.)	5 million note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 80% industry and services: 20% (2001 est.)	agriculture 90% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 7,243 km border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km	total: 3,193 km border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km
Land use	arable land: 3.76% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 96.21% (2005)	arable land: 14.43% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 85.38% (2001)
Languages	French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages	French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population
Legal system	based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on French civil law system and customary law
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 1 and 22 July 2007 (next to be held in July 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ADP coalition 113 (including ADEMA 51, URD 34, MPR 8, CNID 7, UDD 3, and other 10), FDR coalition 15 (including RPM 11, PARENA 4), SADI 4, independent 15	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (111 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly election last held 5 May 2002 (next to be held May 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CDP 57, RDA-ADF 17, PDP/PS 10, CFD 5, PAI 5, others 17
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 49.51 years male: 47.6 years female: 51.46 years (2007 est.)	total population: 48.45 years male: 46.96 years female: 49.99 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 46.4% male: 53.5% female: 39.6% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 26.6% male: 36.9% female: 16.6% (2003 est.)
Location	Western Africa, southwest of Algeria	Western Africa, north of Ghana
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	none (landlocked)
Military branches	Malian Armed Forces: Army, Republic of Mali Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Republique du Mali, FARM), National Guard (2007)	Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$64.2 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.9% (2006)	1.3% (2004)
National holiday	Independence Day, 22 September (1960)	Republic Day, 11 December (1958)
Nationality	noun: Malian(s) adjective: Malian	noun: Burkinabe (singular and plural) adjective: Burkinabe
Natural hazards	hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding	recurring droughts
Natural resources	gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited	manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, phosphates, pumice, salt
Net migration rate	-6.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance for Democratic Change (political group comprised mainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region); African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO, secretary general]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (a coalition of political parties including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE]; Convergence 2007 [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA]; Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (a coalition of political parties including RPM and PARENA formed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]; Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]	African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and Federation or RDA-ADF [Herman YAMEOGO]; Confederation for Federation and Democracy or CFD [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Joseph KI-ZERBO]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union of Greens for the Development of Burkina Faso or UVDB [Ram OVEDRAGO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB; Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or MBDHP; Group of 14 February; National Confederation of Burkinabe Workers or CNTB; National Organization of Free Unions or ONSL; watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities
Population	11,995,402 (July 2007 est.)	13,925,313 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	64% (2001 est.)	45% (2003 est.)
Population growth rate	2.681% (2007 est.)	2.53% (2005 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 230 (27 regional and government stations, and 203 private stations), shortwave 1 (2001)	AM 3, FM 17, shortwave 3 (2002)
Railways	total: 729 km narrow gauge: 729 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)	total: 622 km narrow gauge: 622 km 1.000-m gauge note:: another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote D'Ivoire (2004)
Religions	Muslim 90%, Christian 1%, indigenous beliefs 9%	indigenous beliefs 40%, Muslim 50%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.024 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.977 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.988 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	universal
Telephone system	general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service domestic: fixed-line availability is gradually increasing, but subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has increased sharply to 13 per 100 persons international: country code - 223; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean)	general assessment: all services only fair domestic: microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communication stations international: country code - 226; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	82,500 (2006)	65,400 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	1.513 million (2006)	227,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	2 (plus repeaters) (2007)	1 (2002)
Terrain	mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast	mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast
Total fertility rate	7.38 children born/woman (2007 est.)	6.23 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	14.6% (2001 est.)	NA%
Waterways	1,800 km (2007)	-

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